Which set correctly lists the three transfer modes used in GMAW?

• A. Short circuit, Globular, Spray
• B. Short circuit, Spray, Oscillating
• C. Globular, Spray, Pulse
• D. Direct current, Alternating current, Pulsed

Answer: (A)

In GMAW, the transfer mode describes how molten metal moves from the wire to the weld pool. The three fundamental transfer modes are short-circuit transfer, globular transfer, and spray transfer. Short-circuit transfer happens at low voltage and current, with the wire touching the workpiece and small droplets transferring in rapid, controlled bursts; it’s common for thin or out-of-position welds but can produce more spatter. Globular transfer uses higher current so large, irregular droplets form and detach, which tends to be loose and spattery and requires careful control. Spray transfer operates at higher current and voltage, producing a fine, continuous spray of small droplets for smooth, deep penetration and low spatter, typically in flat or horizontal positions with adequate shielding gas.

The other options mix in power-supply waveforms or technique terms (like oscillating or pulsed) that describe how the current is delivered or how the weld is manipulated, not the basic ways metal is transferred. Therefore, the set that lists short-circuit, globular, and spray transfer correctly identifies the three transfer modes used in GMAW.