What is responsible for stabilizing the arc in an SMAW circuit?

• A. Voltage
• B. Resistance
• C. Current
• D. Ohms

Answer: (A)

Voltage acts as the stabilizing force for the arc in SMAW. Once the arc is established, the power source maintains a fairly steady arc voltage (often around 20–30 volts for welding), and this voltage governs the arc length. If the electrode-to-work distance changes, the arc voltage adjusts to keep the current nearly steady, which in turn keeps the arc from wandering or extinguishing. In other words, the arc voltage provides the negative feedback that keeps the arc at a consistent length, ensuring a stable arc. While current controls heat and deposition, the stability of the arc itself comes from the voltage regulating the arc length.